Violent extremists continue to encourage attacks against public officials, to incite violence, chaos, and create political instability. Violent extremists justify their actions through grievances, such as perceived government and law enforcement overreach; the anticipation of opposing legislative changes; and the proliferation of misinformation and conspiracy theories, all of which might intensify enduring grievances and encourage violent extremists to threaten violence or attack public officials. While most threats and attacks against public officials have been criminal and not associated with terrorism, the increase in threats targeting federal, state and local public officials, particularly in public gatherings, highlights unique protection, security, and public safety challenges.